It can be noted that by the end of the 17th century, 'French and English stages were fairly similar'. By the 1670s, the Hall Theatre started using footlights, and between 16 they used candles or lamps. Chandeliers and sconces seemed to be the primary lighting sources here but other developments were being made, especially at the Hall. Two main court theaters, built between 16, were the Cockpit Theatre and the Hall Theatre. Theaters such as the Drury Lane Theatre and the Covent Garden Theatre were lit by a large central chandelier and had a varying number of smaller stage chandeliers and candle sconces around the walls of the theaters. Court theatres could afford to 'use most of the Continental innovations' in their productions. Commercial theaters tended to be more 'conservative in their lighting, for economic reasons' and therefore used 'candle-burning chandeliers' primarily.
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An example of stage lighting, trusses and LED boards used during a WWE SmackDown Live televised professional wrestling show.There were two different types of Restoration theaters in England: Restoration commercial theaters and Restoration court theaters. Chandeliers also blocked the view of some patrons. Candles needed frequent trimming and relighting regardless of what was happening on-stage because 'they dripped hot grease on both the audience and actors'. Dipped candles were made by dipping a wick into hot wax repeatedly to create a cylindrical candle. English theatres during this time used dipped candles to light chandeliers and sconces. After the refurbishing of the theaters, it was found that the 'main source of light in Restoration theaters to be chandeliers' which were 'concentrated toward the front of the house, and especially over the forestage'. New playhouses were built in England and their large sizes called for more elaborate lighting. Charles II, who would later become King Charles II witnessed Italian theatrical methods and brought them back to England when he came to power. During this theatrical famine, great developments were being made in theaters on the European mainland. At an unknown date, candlelight was introduced which brought more developments to theatrical lighting across Europe.While Oliver Cromwell was ruling Britain, all stage production was suspended in 1642 and no advancements were made to English theaters. As theaters moved indoors, artificial lighting became a necessity and it was developed as theaters and technology became more advanced. Early Modern English theaters were roofless, allowing natural light to be utilized for lighting the stage. Natural light continued to be utilized when playhouses were built with a large circular opening at the top of the theater. They would build their theatres facing east to west so that in the afternoon they could perform plays and have the natural sunlight hit the actors, but not those seated in the orchestra. The personnel needed to install, operate, and control the equipment also cross over into these different areas of 'stage lighting' applications.Contents1 History2 Functions of lighting3 Qualities in lighting3.1 Intensit圓.2 Color3.3 Direction3.4 Focus, position, and hanging4 Lighting professionals4.1 Lighting designer4.2 Other positions5 Lighting equipment5.1 Lighting instruments6 Types of lighting fixture6.1 Lighting controls6.2 Dimming7 See also8 References9 Further reading10 External linksHistoryThe earliest known form of stage lighting was during the early Grecian (and later the Roman) theaters. The equipment used for stage lighting (e.g., cabling, dimmers, lighting instruments, controllers) are also used in other lighting applications, including corporate events, concerts, trade shows, broadcast television, film production, photographic studios, and other types of live events. People who work on stage lighting are commonly referred to as lighting technicians or lighting designers.
In addition to basic lighting, modern stage lighting can also include special effects, such as lasers and fog machines. Several different types of stage lighting instruments are used in this discipline.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Classical Spectacular used ordinary stage lighting plus special laser effectsStage lighting is the craft of lighting as it applies to the production of theater, dance, opera, and other performance arts.
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